Depression and anxiety are two of the most common mental health conditions worldwide. Although they are distinct diagnoses, they frequently occur together and can intensify one another. Updated for 2026, this article explains how depression and anxiety differ, why they overlap, and what that means for understanding your mental health.
This article was reviewed and updated for 2026 to reflect current clinical understanding.
How Depression and Anxiety Are Different
Depression primarily affects mood, motivation, and outlook, often leading to persistent sadness, numbness, or loss of interest in daily activities. Anxiety, by contrast, is typically characterized by heightened fear, worry, or physiological arousal in response to perceived threats or stressors.
Depression is often associated with:
- Ongoing sadness or emptiness
- Loss of interest or pleasure
- Low energy or fatigue
- Changes in sleep or appetite
- Difficulty concentrating
Anxiety disorders commonly involve:
- Excessive worry or fear
- Feeling on edge or overwhelmed
- Physical symptoms such as sweating, shaking, or rapid heartbeat
- A sense of losing control in certain situations
Why Depression and Anxiety Often Occur Together
Research suggests that depression and anxiety share underlying biological and psychological mechanisms. Genetics, brain chemistry, and stress-response systems may contribute to both conditions. Traumatic or prolonged stress can increase vulnerability to each, and once one condition is present, the likelihood of developing the other increases.
Studies indicate that a significant proportion of individuals with depression also experience anxiety symptoms, and vice versa. Learn more about comorbidity from NAMI.
What This Overlap Means for Treatment
When depression and anxiety occur together, treatment often focuses on shared underlying factors rather than treating each condition in isolation. Evidence-based therapies can help individuals understand patterns of thought, emotional responses, and behavioural habits that maintain distress.
If you are exploring professional support, our team provides depression counselling in Calgary and anxiety-focused therapy, with options for in-person and online sessions.
For a broader overview of depression, you may also find this helpful: Depression: What You Need to Know.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can someone have depression and anxiety at the same time?
Yes. Many people experience symptoms of both conditions simultaneously, a phenomenon known as comorbidity.
Are depression and anxiety treated differently?
They are distinct conditions, but treatment often addresses overlapping factors such as stress responses, thought patterns, and emotional regulation.
How do I know which condition I have?
A qualified mental health professional can assess symptoms and provide an accurate diagnosis.